By incorporating on-chip multiplication gain, the electron multiplying CCD achieves, in an all solid-state sensor, the single-photon detection sensitivity typical of intensified or electron-bombarded CCDs at much lower cost and without compromising the quantum efficiency and resolution characteristics of the conventional CCD structure.
The adherent monolayer culture of Indian Muntjac deer skin fibroblast cells illustrated above was immunofluorescently labeled with primary mouse anti-oxphos complex V inhibitor protein antibodies, followed by goat anti-mouse Fab fragments conjugated to Cy2. The culture was subsequently stained with Alexa Fluor 568 conjugated to phalloidin to reveal details of the filamentous actin network, and DAPI for DNA in the nucleus. Images were recorded in grayscale with a Hamamatsu ORCA-AG camera system coupled to an Olympus BX-51 microscope equipped with bandpass emission fluorescence filter optical blocks provided by Semrock. During the processing stage, individual image channels were pseudocolored with RGB values corresponding to each of the fluorophore emission spectral profiles.