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Electron Multiplying Charge-Coupled Devices (EMCCDs)
By incorporating on-chip multiplication gain, the electron multiplying CCD achieves, in an all solid-state sensor, the single-photon detection sensitivity typical of intensified or electron-bombarded CCDs at much lower cost and without compromising the quantum efficiency and resolution characteristics of the conventional CCD structure.
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Mitochondria in Fibroblast Cells
 Objective: UPlanSApo 100x oil/1.40 |
Exposure: 350 ms |
| Microscope: Olympus DSU/IX81 |
Gain: 3 |
| Camera: Hamamatsu ImagEM |
Interval: 2 s |
Mitochondrial DNA is localized to the matrix, which also contains a host of enzymes, as well as ribosomes for protein synthesis. Many of the critical metabolic steps of cellular respiration are catalyzed by enzymes that are able to diffuse through the mitochondrial matrix. The other proteins involved in respiration, including the enzyme that generates ATP, are embedded within the mitochondrial inner membrane. Infolding of the cristae dramatically increases the surface area available for hosting the enzymes responsible for cellular respiration. The digital video above displays normal fibroblast lung cells (FoLu line) from the Gray fox expressing monomeric green fluorescent protein (mEGFP) that has been fused to the mitochondrial targeting signal from subunit VIII of human cytochrome C oxidase.