By incorporating on-chip multiplication gain, the electron multiplying CCD achieves, in an all solid-state sensor, the single-photon detection sensitivity typical of intensified or electron-bombarded CCDs at much lower cost and without compromising the quantum efficiency and resolution characteristics of the conventional CCD structure.
The adherent culture of BPAE cells featured in this section was labeled with MitoTracker Red CMXRos (mitochondria; pseudocolored yellow), Alexa Fluor 488 (filamentous actin; green), Alexa Fluor 647 (nuclear pore complex protein; red), and Hoechst 33342 (nucleus; cyan). Images were recorded in grayscale with a Hamamatsu ORCA-AG camera system coupled to an Olympus BX51 upright microscope equipped with bandpass emission fluorescence filter optical blocks provided by Semrock. During the processing stage, individual image channels were pseudocolored with RGB values corresponding to each of the fluorophore emission spectral profiles.