By incorporating on-chip multiplication gain, the electron multiplying CCD achieves, in an all solid-state sensor, the single-photon detection sensitivity typical of intensified or electron-bombarded CCDs at much lower cost and without compromising the quantum efficiency and resolution characteristics of the conventional CCD structure.
The endoplasmic reticulum is a network of flattened sacs and branching tubules that extends throughout the cytoplasm in plant and animal cells. The digital videos presented in this section examine human osteosarcoma cells (U2OS line) expressing enhanced yellow fluorescent protein (EYFP) targeted to the endoplasmic reticulum with calreticulin and KDEL signal peptides.
Video 1 - Run Time: 39 Seconds - The endoplasmic reticulum of two U2 cells, tagged with EYFP, is visible extending from the nucleus to the cellular membrane. Choose a playback version: Streaming Video (8 MB), Progressive Download (8 MB), and MPEG Download (71 MB)
Video 2 - Run Time: 39 Seconds - The rough endoplasmic reticulum next to the nucleus is notably more dense, compared to the smooth ER extending to the outer edges of the cell. Choose a playback version: Streaming Video (8 MB), Progressive Download (8 MB), and MPEG Download (71 MB)
Video 3 - Run Time: 39 Seconds - Five U2 cells display a combination of rough and smooth ER extending throughout the cell. Choose a playback version: Streaming Video (8 MB), Progressive Download (8 MB), and MPEG Download (71 MB)
Video 4 - Run Time: 39 Seconds - A much closer view of both rough and smooth ER is displayed in a portion of a U2 cell. Choose a playback version: Streaming Video (8 MB), Progressive Download (8 MB), and MPEG Download (71 MB)