By incorporating on-chip multiplication gain, the electron multiplying CCD achieves, in an all solid-state sensor, the single-photon detection sensitivity typical of intensified or electron-bombarded CCDs at much lower cost and without compromising the quantum efficiency and resolution characteristics of the conventional CCD structure.
Objective: UPlanSApo 100x oil/1.40 | Exposure: 150 ms |
Microscope: Olympus DSU/IX81 | Gain: 3 |
Camera: Hamamatsu ImagEM | Interval: 500 ms |
The annexin family is structurally distinct from other calcium-binding proteins, and each member consists of an N-terminal domain and a typical core domain. The core domain binds calcium and phospholipids and is comprised of four annexin repeats, each being approximately 70 residues in size. This basic core is conserved among all members of the annexin family. Through mediation of intracellular calcium signals, annexins have been demonstrated to play a role in a variety of cellular processes. In this digital video, the fluorescent protein mEGFP was fused to annexin A4 and transfected into human cervical carcinoma epithelial cells (HeLa line). After equilibrating the cells in media on the microscope stage for an hour, the culture was treated with ionomycin to induce calcium and translocate the annexin fusion to the membrane.