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Electron Multiplying Charge-Coupled Devices (EMCCDs)
By incorporating on-chip multiplication gain, the electron multiplying CCD achieves, in an all solid-state sensor, the single-photon detection sensitivity typical of intensified or electron-bombarded CCDs at much lower cost and without compromising the quantum efficiency and resolution characteristics of the conventional CCD structure.
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Annexin Translocation in Epithelial Cells
 Objective: UPlanSApo 100x oil/1.40 |
Exposure: 250 ms |
| Microscope: Olympus DSU/IX81 |
Gain: 3 |
| Camera: Hamamatsu ImagEM |
Interval: 500 ms |
Annexins are a family of calcium-regulated phospholipid-binding proteins that, in part, are believed to be involved in exocytosis and regulation of epithelial cell chloride secretion. In the digital video presented above, the fluorescent protein mEGFP was fused to annexin A4 and transfected into human cervical carcinoma epithelial cells (HeLa line). After equilibrating the cells in media on the microscope stage for an hour, the culture was treated with ionomycin to induce calcium and translocate the annexin fusion to the membrane.