By incorporating on-chip multiplication gain, the electron multiplying CCD achieves, in an all solid-state sensor, the single-photon detection sensitivity typical of intensified or electron-bombarded CCDs at much lower cost and without compromising the quantum efficiency and resolution characteristics of the conventional CCD structure.
Alexa Fluor dyes were employed to visualize distribution of clathrin and the peroxisomal membrane protein 70 (PMP 70) in the culture of Madin-Darby canine kidney epithelial cells illustrated above. After the immunofluorescence reactions, the cells were counterstained with Hoechst 33342 to reveal the location of the nuclei. Images were recorded in grayscale with a Hamamatsu ORCA-AG camera system coupled to an Olympus BX-51 microscope equipped with bandpass emission fluorescence filter optical blocks provided by Semrock. During the processing stage, individual image channels were pseudocolored with RGB values corresponding to each of the fluorophore emission spectral profiles.